Medical History: The Discovery Of Insulin

Nearly 100 years since insulin was first used in the treatment of diabetes, Professor Chantal Mathieu, Professor of Medicine at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, takes us through the history, development and future of this life saving drug. Read more in https://www.nature.com/articles/d4285…

Air Travel: A Veteran Pilot Explains Turbulence (WSJ)

After decades of flying, pilot Stuart Walker says turbulence isn’t entirely predictable. But there are different types of turbulence pilots watch for. Walker explains each one and what pilots do to avoid a bumpy ride. Illustration: Alex Kuzoian for The Wall Street Journal

Aerial Views: Island Of Mauritius, Indian Ocean

In this clip you can see all famous sights and spots like Le Morne World Heritage Site, Île aux Benitiers, Notre-Dame Auxiliatrice de Cap Malheureux, Trou d’Eau Douce with its beautiful bay and Pier, the Tropical Attitude Hotel, Melville beach, Résidence Le Maho, all the beautiful bays, ports, land tongues and so much more…

Mauritius, an Indian Ocean island nation, is known for its beaches, lagoons and reefs. The mountainous interior includes Black River Gorges National Park, with rainforests, waterfalls, hiking trails and wildlife like the flying fox. Capital Port Louis has sites such as the Champs de Mars horse track, Eureka plantation house and 18th-century Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam Botanical Gardens. 

Marine Ecosystems: ‘Blue Crabs’ – Super Predators Of The Mediterranean

A captivating #crustacean and a ferocious #predator: in this edition we discover a #transatlantic invader that’s taking no prisoners in its quest for domination. Safe from its natural predators on the Atlantic coast of #NorthAmerica, the blue crab devours everything in its path, dealing a painful blow to an already fragile #ecosystem.

News: Top 5 Stories For June 18, 2021 (Reuters)

Five stories to know for June 18, 2021:

1. The U.S. Supreme Court has rejected a Republican bid to invalidate the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare, preserving the landmark healthcare law for the third time since its 2010 enactment.

2. Juneteenth is now a federal holiday. Joe Biden signed into law a bill making June 19 a national holiday commemorating the emancipation of enslaved Black Americans.

3. China launched three astronauts up to its unfinished space station on the Shenzhou-12 spacecraft. The astronauts will live in a module called ‘Tianhe’ for three months.

4. Israeli aircraft struck Hamas sites in Gaza on Thursday night after incendiary balloons were launched from the Palestinian enclave, for the second time this week, since a fragile ceasefire ended 11 days of deadly fighting last month.

5. Iranians voted in a presidential election likely to be won by a hardline judge subject to U.S. sanctions.

Walking Tour: Loutro – Island Of Crete, Greece

Loutro lies on the south coast of Chania regional unit in west Crete, between Chora Sfakion and Agia Roumeli, the exit to the Samaria Gorge. The whole area is known as Sfakia. The village got its name from the Greek word for “bath,” for the many ancient baths found in the area.

Loutro is such an incredibly soporific place, where there’s absolutely nothing ( … almost ) to do but eat, drink and laze – and where you fast lose any desire to do anything else. There are hundreds of people who walk down the Samaria Gorge each day in the summer. After a drink at one of the tavernas in Agia Roumeli where the gorge opens to the sea and perhaps enjoying a swim, most board the ferry taking them to Chora Sfakia (Sfakia). There, waiting for buses transport the aching crowds back to Chania. On the way, the ferry calls in at Loutro, and many vow to visit it one day – few do so! Loutro is peaceful – it is small and feels like a village even if 95% of the people here in the summer are visitors. It takes less than five minutes to amble from one side of the bay from Sifis Hotel & Maestrali Bar (Vangelis’), past Daskalogiannis Hotel, the tavernas, mini-market, the Blue House, the pebble beach, Hotel Porto Loutro, Notos, “Fat Stav’s”, a couple more tavernas and then Keramos rooms and fish taverna. This is a magic place to relax, swim, read, write your own book in western Crete, Sfakia region. Don’t forget the church, second mini-market, and a few other buildings – more rooms including perched-on-the-hillside Villa Niki – that’s it! Loutro evokes some great emotion – produced perhaps by the unique combination of the steep, harsh, rock mountainsides – audibly decorated with the clinking of goat bells – the sun visibly changing the panorama in view as its ark lights different aspects of the slopes forming the bowl – the bay that houses Loutro, the often-warm sea, the history, and the people. This magic place. No road leads here – therefore no mopeds, cars, and trucks disturb contemplation, conversation, and consumption of food or drink. A port of shelter for St Paul we hear, and one of the best shelters from a stormy workplace or busy professional life. Small, stunningly beautiful – no nightlife or discos, just a multinational, multi-everything group of visitors staying in its closely grouped buildings. During the day even when all rooms are full, Loutro can be almost empty – many have gone to sauté gently on nearby beaches, or tackle books, strolls, walks, and – let’s be serious – hikes. You are left to act as your own custodian of the semi-circular bay, with a small pebble beach, edged with the hotel, domatia, and waterside tavernas. So gaze at the ruins on the hilltop, measure the approaching ferry, decide whether to read a few pages more, walk over the hill to the taverna of Phoenix, or plot your ascent to Anopolis a thousand meters above…it’s up to you. Time passes. Loutro village was named after the baths (Loutro or Loutra) found in the area, and from which water was directed to nearby Anopoli Village. Loutro also served as the port of ancient Anopoli. Later it became the winter time port of the town of Sfakia, due to the fact that the enclosed bay and the small island at its entrance create a natural harbor where ships can be safe even in very bad weather conditions. Mountains rear straight up from the sea deep wooded gorges, ravines, and valleys, stand proud, and act as a magnet to the eye and the imagination. The Sfakia region has been the site of heroic deeds, ancient civilizations, and constant intrigue for thousands of years, and the home of brave tough people made so by their labors on the land and their experiences. Really Loutro is a place to let days flow by as they will. When you meet people who are poetic utterances appeal – converse, when striding rocky paths is the urge – proceed, when the water beckons – shout back / get in; eat and relax. You shouldn’t come here expecting entertainment – the reward is being in Loutro and listening to what your heart desires…

Views: Saxon Switzerland National Park, Germany

Saxon Switzerland (or in german Sächsische Schweiz) is National Park in Saxony Germany. It is famous for its wonderful landscape of Sandstone that was formed around 100 million years ago.

Saxon Switzerland National Park, is a National Park in the German Free State of Saxony, near the Saxon capital Dresden. It covers two areas of 93.5 km² in the heart of the German part of the Elbe Sandstone Mountains, which is often called Saxon Switzerland.

Aerial Views: Castles & Palaces Of Europe (8K)

Most Beautiful Castles and Palaces in Europe in 8K Ultra HD.

Video timeline: 00:0000:05 Intro 00:0600:37 Cochem Castle, Germany 00:3800:54 Buchlovice Castle, Czech Republic 00:5501:01 Leeds Castle, England 01:0201:08 Niedzica Dunajec Castle, Poland 01:0901:24 Rumeli Hisar Castle, Istanbul, Turkey 01:2501:44 Wawel Castle, Krakow, Poland 01:4501:56 Torgau castle, Germany 01:5702:03 Wittenberg, Germany 02:0402:23 Neuschwanstein, Germany 02:2402:55 Trakai castle, Lithuania 02:5603:02 Schloss Belvedere, Vienna, Austria 03:0303:27 Conwy, North Wales, United Kingdom 03:2803:35 Bouzov Castle, Czech Republic 03:3603:46 Chillon Castle, Montreux, Switzerland 03:4703:57 Segovia Castle, Spain 03:5804:14 Castle Sigmaringen, Germany 04:1504:34 Versailles Palace, France 04:3504:52 Puslovsky Castle, Belarus 04:5305:08 Alcazaba Fortress, Malaga, Spain 05:0905:19 Lisbon Fortress, Portugal 05:2005:42 Tallinn Fortress, Estonia 05:4305:54 Orava Castle, Slovakia 05:5506:15 Rundale Palace, Latvia 06:1606:26 Chateau du Haut Koenigsbourg, France 06:2706:45 Riga Castle, Latvia 06:4606:54 Swallow’s Nest, Crimea 06:5507:04 Madrid Palace, Spain 07:0507:15 Peniscola fortress, Spain 07:1607:26 Peles Castle, Romania 07:2707:47 Dracula Castle, Bran, Romania 07:4808:09 Corvin Castle, Romania 08:1008:36 Pena Palace, Sintra, Spain 08:3709:18 Malbork Castle, Poland 09:1909:30 Lichtenstein Castle, Germany 09:3109:56 Nesvizh Castle, Belarus 09:5710:07 Hohenzollern, Germany 10:0810:17 Charlottenburg Palace, Berlin, Germany 10:1810:27 Schloss Benrath, Dusseldorf, Germany 10:2810:37 Frombork, Poland 10:3810:50 Gradara fortress, Italy 10:5110:59 Bled, Slovenia 11:0011:08 Tower of London, United Kingdom 11:0911:15 Buda Castle, Hungary 11:1611:35 De Haar, Netherlands 11:3611:54 Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine 11:5512:05 Vranov Nad Dyji, Czech Republic 12:0612:22 Ljubljana, Slovenia 12:2312:34 Buchloc Castle, Czech Republic 12:3512:45 Salzburg, Austria 12:4613:05 Pieskowa Skala, Poland 13:0613:19 Kilarney, Ireland 13:2013:43 Eilean Donan, United Kingdom 13:4414:30 Nowy Wisnicz, Poland

Morning News: French Elections, U.S. Foreign Policy & Train Travel

A look ahead to the weekend’s regional election in France, a look at the state of US foreign policy after an eventful week for president Biden, plus the renaissance of night trains in Europe.

News, Views and Reviews For The Intellectually Curious