What If Fungi Win?
Arturo Casadevall Johns Hopkins Univ. Press (2024)
Earth’s largest organism, the ‘Humongous Fungus’, thrives under the floor of Malheur National Forest in Oregon. Sprung from a tiny spore 8,000 years ago, it weighs an estimated 31,500 tonnes spread over 10 square kilometres, sucking in nutrients from trees. Fungi are regarded as being more closely related to animals than to plants. “Fungi and humans share nearly 50% of their DNA,” observes epidemiologist Arturo Casadevall, in his brilliant book exploring the properties of fungi that are both fruitful and deadly to humans.
Possible: Ways To Net Zero
Chris Goodall Profile (2024)
Net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 are the global goal. China leads the world in installing wind- and solar-energy capacity, comments businessperson and environmental writer Chris Goodall, in this realistic but hopeful analysis of the technological and attitudinal challenges that all nations face in achieving net zero. The UK laundry company Oxwash — founded in 2018 by a university student tired of broken washing machines — provides services fuelled by renewable electrical power and gas from anaerobic digesters of farm waste.
Human Rights: The Case For The Defence
Shami Chakrabarti Allen Lane (2024)
International agreements on fundamental human rights, such as entitlement to a fair trial and free speech, are now under threat in Europe, the United States and elsewhere. Shami Chakrabarti, a human-rights lawyer and former director of the UK National Council for Civil Liberties, considers how to defend these rights. How can “global inequality, conflict, climate catastrophe and the new and under-governed continent of the Internet” be tackled without global values and higher laws, or ways to enforce them?
One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forwards: One Woman’s Path to Becoming A Biologist
Rosemary Grant Princeton Univ. Press (2024)
A scientific life “requires critical thinking, following exceptions to your pet theory, respect for others and strong ethical values”, concludes evolutionary biologist Rosemary Grant. Her memoir tells of a girl fascinated by birds and fossils, who later formed a celebrated team with her biologist husband Peter. While raising a family, the couple studied Darwin’s finches in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, for six months each year from 1973 to 2012. They revealed visible natural selection in a bird’s lifetime — contrary to Charles Darwin’s initial thinking.
The Occasional Human Sacrifice: Medical Experimentation and the Price of Saying No
Carl Elliott W. W. Norton (2024)
Bioethicist Carl Elliott’s analysis of medical malpractice begins grippingly: “Let me present my credentials as a coward.” He then lists the times he failed to object to mistreatments as a medical student, followed by his frustrating campaign to publicize a case of suicide at his university in which a psychiatrist enrolled a patient in a dubious drug study. These experiences illuminate six historical cases of “occasional human sacrifice” caused by people’s alleged consent to participate in programmes that they did not comprehend.
Nature 633, 277 (2024)
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