Category Archives: Research

Analysis: U.S. Builds Drone Fleet To Counter China

Wall Street Journal (December 6, 2023) – To help counter China, the U.S. military is racing to develop a fleet of next-generation drones. For the Pentagon, it’s not just a matter of gaining the technological edge.

Video timeline: 0:00 Autonomous systems 0:40 The need for next-generation drones 1:49 Scaling up 4:07 Keeping up with China

It’s a race against the clock, as Beijing has militarized islands in the South China Sea, and President Xi Jinping has ordered his military to be ready to invade Taiwan by 2027. Some experts are skeptical the U.S. military can work fast enough to meet its goals.

Research Preview: Science Magazine – Dec 1, 2023

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Science Magazine – November 30, 2023: The new issue cover features a chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus) cares for a chick while its partner catches a quick nap.

Oldest forts challenge views of hunter-gatherers

8000 years ago—long before farming arrived—people in Siberia built defensive structures

DeepMind predicts millions of new materials

AI-powered discovery could lead to revolutions in electronics, batteries, and solar cells

Penguins snatch seconds-long microsleeps

Chinstrap penguins fall asleep thousands of times per day in the wild

Research Preview: Nature Magazine – Nov 30, 2023

Volume 623 Issue 7989

Nature Magazine – November 29, 2023: The latest issue cover features trails left by satellites, including BlueWalker 3, a prototype communications satellite, as they pass across the sky.

‘Early dark energy’ fails to solve mystery of cosmic expansion

The extra ingredient would explain why the Universe is expanding so fast now — but conflicts with data from ancient quasars.

Huge California wildfires seeded cirrus clouds half a world away

Smoke from record-breaking fires in 2020 travelled all the way to Cyprus, where it helped to trigger cloud formation.

These falcons excel at problem-solving — and outdo some of the world’s smartest birds

A bird of prey called the striated caracara can figure out puzzles that are a struggle for Goffin’s cockatoos, which are known for their intelligence.

Research Preview: Science Magazine – Nov 24, 2023

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Science Magazine – November 17, 2023: The new issue features Dolomite, a key mineral in stunning geological formations, such as Drei Zinnen (shown here), Niagara Falls, and Hoodoos. Despite its natural abundance, laboratory growth of dolomite has proven impossible—a contradiction known as the “dolomite problem.”

Rude awakening

The appearance of a “tropical” mosquito-borne illness in southeastern Australia has unsettled researchers

Giving birth gives birth to neurons

In mice, pregnancy results in new neurons that support recognition of pups

Research Preview: Nature Magazine – Nov 23, 2023

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Volume 623 Issue 7988

Nature Magazine – November 23, 2023: The latest issue cover features how cryo-electron microscopy can reveal the structure of motor protein myosin filaments, which power the heart via muscle contraction.

Earth just had its hottest year on record — climate change is to blame

Around 7.3 billion people faced temperatures strongly influenced by global warming over the past year.

UK first to approve CRISPR treatment for diseases: what you need to know

The landmark decision could transform the treatment of sickle-cell disease and β-thalassaemia — but the technology is expensive.

How AI is expanding art history

From identifying disputed artworks to reconstructing lost masterpieces, artificial intelligence is enriching how we interpret our cultural heritage.

Covers: Science Magazine November 17, 2023 Preview

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Science Magazine – November 17, 2023: The new issue features Heaps of Warming – Municipal solid waste emits large amounts of greenhouse gases; AI is set to revolutionize weather forecasts; Rewriting DNA in the body lowers cholesterol, and more….

AI is set to revolutionize weather forecasts

Cheap and fast algorithms are matching—and surpassing—the world’s top models

Deal to build pint-size nuclear reactors is canceled

NuScale Power’s small modular reactors promised cheaper nuclear power, but costs soared and utilities balked

Rewriting DNA in the body lowers cholesterol

Verve Therapeutics says its base-editing approach may help prevent heart disease in many people

Research Preview: Nature Magazine – Nov 16, 2023

Volume 623 Issue 7987

Nature Magazine – November 16, 2023: The latest issue cover features how echinoderms such as starfish and sea urchins have evolved five-fold symmetry, with five limbs radiating from a central mouth.

One brain area helps you to enjoy a joke — but another helps you to get it

Seinfeld episodes help scientists to distinguish between the brain regions involved in understanding and appreciating humour.

Spinal implant helps man with advanced Parkinson’s to walk without falling

Electrical stimulation improved his mobility, although researchers say that a larger study is needed to assess the device.

Manatees and conservation: how I protect these massive, vulnerable animals

Nataly Castelblanco Martínez works to raise awareness of the perils faced by the much-loved marine mammals.

Science Review: Scientific American – December 2023

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Scientific American – November 2023: The issue features The New Nuclear Age – Inside America’s plan to remake its atomic arsenal; The Most Shocking Discovery in Astrophysics Is 25 Years Old – Scientists are still trying to figure out dark energy; Behind the Scenes at a U.S. Factory Building New Nuclear Bombs – The U.S. is ramping up construction of new “plutonium pits” for nuclear weapons….

The Most Shocking Discovery in Astrophysics Is 25 Years Old

Image from the The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

A quarter of a century after detecting dark energy, scientists are still trying to figure out what it is

BY RICHARD PANEK

One afternoon in early 1994 a couple of astronomers sitting in an air-conditioned computer room at an observatory headquarters in the coastal town of La Serena, Chile, got to talking. Nicholas Suntzeff, an associate astronomer at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, and Brian Schmidt, who had recently completed his doctoral thesis at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, were specialists in supernovae—exploding stars. Suntzeff and Schmidt decided that the time had finally come to use their expertise to tackle one of the fundamental questions in cosmology: What is the fate of the universe?

Inside the $1.5-Trillion Nuclear Weapons Program You’ve Never Heard Of

Missile shown in a public park setting.

A road trip through the communities shouldering the U.S.’s nuclear missile revival

BY ABE STREEP

The point of the thing was to forever change our concept of power. When the U.S. military assembled a team of scientists, led by physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer, to build a nuclear bomb during World War II with the hope of beating the Nazis to such a terrible creation, many of those involved saw their efforts as a strange kind of civic destiny. The Manhattan Project, wrote Richard Rhodes, Pulitzer-winning author of The Making of the Atomic Bomb, was “compelled from the beginning not by malice or hatred but by hope for a better world.” Oppenheimer himself once said, “The atomic bomb was the turn of the screw. It made the prospect of future war unendurable. It has led us up those last few steps to the mountain pass; and beyond there is a different country.”

Covers: Science Magazine November 10, 2023 Preview

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Science Magazine – November 10, 2023: The new issue features Mode-locked “chip lasers” generating intense ultrashort pulses of light have been the backbone of ultrafast sciences and technologies. 

AI’s challenge of understanding the world

By MELANIE MITCHELL

In thinking about the challenge of getting artificial intelligence (AI) to understand our complex world, I recalled a Twitter post from a user of Tesla’s self-driving system. The user tweeted that his car kept stopping abruptly at a particular location for no apparent reason. Then he noticed a billboard advertisement on the side of the road, featuring a sheriff holding up a stop sign. The car’s vision system had interpreted this as an actual stop sign, and slammed on the brakes.

The Scottish wildcat has been wiped out by breeding with domestic cats

three captive Scottish wildcats
This trio of captive Scottish wildcats is part of the Royal Zoological Society’s Saving Wildcats Project.

After 2000 years of isolation, a few decades of interbreeding have rendered the animal “genomically extinct”

BY DAVID GRIMM

Though it lies in ruins on the northeast coast of England, Kilton Castle was once an imposing stone fortress, home to several noble families, and—it appears—at least eight cats. Archaeological excavations in the 1960s uncovered a well, at the bottom of which lay the bones of several felines dating back to the 14th century. The animals were an odd mix: Some were domestic cats, but other, larger specimens appeared to be European wildcats, a fierce, burly species that has inhabited the continent for hundreds of thousands of years.

Research Preview: Nature Magazine – Nov 9, 2023

Volume 623 Issue 7986

nature Magazine – November 9, 2023: The latest issue cover features the changes in dopamine signals in male zebra finches (depicted on the cover), as they engage in activities such as drinking, song evaluation and courting. The researchers found that dopamine responses are dynamically adjusted based on the birds’ current priorities. 

Brain and body are more intertwined than we knew

Gut bacteria. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of various bacteria found in a sample from a human small intestine.

A host of disorders once thought to be nothing to do with the brain are, in fact, tightly coupled to nervous-system activity.

A robot performs heart surgery with a strong but delicate touch

Device can wield tools inside one of the heart’s chambers while bracing itself against a stabilizer fitted into a major cardiac vein.

The Solar System’s biggest moon is spattered with salt

Dried brine from a subsurface ocean speckles the surface of Ganymede, which orbits Jupiter.